6. Dirty Throttle Bore and Blade
On fuel injected models equipped with a throttle body, dirt and carbon buildup accumulates around the bore and under the throttle blade.
You can remove deposits using carburetor cleaner.
After getting access to the throttle body:
Soak a clean shop rag with carburetor cleaner or solvent.
Carefully swing the throttle blade open.
Clean the throttle bore, around and under the blade using the rag.
Use only the rag and don’t spray solvent directly into the bore or blade.
Don’t use any other tools, specially screwdrivers or other metal objects to remove buildup. You can easily scratch the metal surface and possible cause performance issues.
If necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual.
7. Electronic Throttle System Issues
On modern vehicles with electronic throttle systems, idle speed is not adjustable. However, you still can monitor idle speed with a scan tool to confirm proper operation of the throttle system.
If you don’t have a scan tool, make sure the following systems are running properly. If you spot a problem, you may have found the source of the low-idle issue:
Check for possible diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) by scanning the computer memory. If you don’t have a scan tool, most auto parts stores will download DTCs for you free of charge.
Inspect the air induction system, if applicable.
Diagnose for potential fuel injection system problems.
Check the ignition system.
Troubleshoot the PCV system.
Also, you may need to do an idle learn procedure to restore proper idle speed. The learn procedure provides the powertrain control module (PCM) with a base idle reading to control idle speed. Consult your vehicle repair manual for the learn procedure for your specific application.
8. Fuel System Restricted
Sometimes, a restriction in the fuel system can also lead to a low idle. Often, a restricted fuel injector or fuel filter is the reason behind the restriction.
If you haven’t replaced the fuel filter in more than a year, check the fuel filter. Replace it, if necessary.
It’s not so common now for fuel injectors to clog as it used to be. Still, mechanical or electrical issues may cause fuel injector problems.
Fuel pump and pressure regulator problems can also develop after years of operation.
Consult your vehicle repair manual, if you need to check the fuel system in your car.
9. Carburetor Problems
On older vehicles equipped with a carburetor, the idle system supplies the engine with an air-fuel mixture suitable for speeds at about 800 rpm.
If your car is experiencing low-idle issues, you may need to adjust the idle speed and idle mixture. Some models come equipped with an idle speed control actuator. Consult your vehicle repair manual for the correct adjustments for your application.
However, low or rough idling can also come from other potential problems. Depending on your particular model, you may be dealing with one or more of the following issues:
Bad throttle return dashpot
Bowl fuel level problems
Bad float needle valve
Carburetor flooding
Obstructed idle system
Choke in need of adjustment
High idle adjustment
Problems in other systems may also cause idle speed to drop, like:
Vacuum leak
Faulty distributor vacuum advance
Clogged air cleaner
Restricted exhaust system
10. Can I Adjust Idle Speed?
Unless you have a carbureted engine, you may not be able to adjust idle speed. On modern vehicles, the PCM, the computer in your vehicle, adjusts idle speed automatically.
Still, some models may provide a few adjustable settings you can check. Take a look at the decal in your engine compartment or the vehicle repair manual to see what provisions exists for you to adjust idle speed for your specific model.
Most of the time, though, you need to check one or more of the systems described in the previous sections to find out what may be preventing the PCM to adjust idle speed.
If your check engine light is lit, start there. The computer may have detected a malfunctioning sensor that may have led to your car idling low. If you don’t have a code reader or scanner tool, you can take your car to your local auto parts store. Most of these stores now retrieve DTCs for car owners as a free service.
If you find any stored DTCs, troubleshoot the indicated components as necessary before replacing any parts. Remember that your computer only points to systems or components where a fault was detected, not necessarily the faulty system or component. A related device in one other system may be the cause for the odd inputs the computer detected. This strategy will prevent you from replacing components in good working order and much frustration.
As necessary, consult your vehicle repair manual.
This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.